UPPER LIMB MUSCLES
1)DELTOID
Origin :
– Clavicle ( lateral 1/3 rd ).
– Acromion ( lateral border ).
– crest of spine of scapula .
Insertion : Deltoid tuberosity ( Humerus ).
Action:
– Powerful arm abductor ( middle fiber ).
– Arm flexion and medial rotation ( Anterior fiber ).
– Arm extension and lateral rotation ( Posterior fiber ).
2) CORACOBRACHIALIS
Origin : from Tip of Corocoid process of scapula .
Insertion : Scapula ( medial border ).
Action : Flexes arm .
Nerve supply : Musculocutaneous nerve .
3) BICEPS BRACHII
Origin :
Short head – Corocoid process
Long head – supraglenoid tubercle of scapula.
Insertion : Radial tuberosity ( posterior area )
Action :mainly Supination of forearm and elbow flexion .
Nerve supply : Musculocutaneous nerve.
4) BRACHIALIS
Origin : from lower half of shaft of humerus .
Insertion : Ulnar tuberosity and Coronoid process.
Action : Forearm flexion .
Nerve supply : Musculocutaneous nerve .
5) BRACHIORADIALIS
Origin : Humerus ( supracondylar ridge )
Insertion : Base of ulnar styloid process
Action : Flexion of elbow joint.
Nerve supply : Radial nerve .
6) TRICEPS
Origin :
Long head – Infraglenoid tubercle ( scapula )
Lateral head – Posterior surface of humerus ( upper part )
Medial head of tricep – from Posterior surface of humerus ( below radial groove ).
Insertion : Olecranon process
Action : Elbow extension.
Nerve supply : Radial nerve.
7) ANCONEUS
Origin : Humerus ( lateral epicondyle )
Insertion : Olecranon process of ulna + lateral surface )
Action : Elbow joint extension.
Nerve supply : Radial nerve.
8) PRONATOR TERES
Origin : Medial epicondyle ( humerus )
Insertion : Lateral aspect of radial shaft .
Action : forearm pronation.
Nerve supply : Median nerve.
9) FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS
Origin : Medial epicondyle ( humerus ).
Insertion : Base of metacarpal bone ( second and third ).
Action : Wrist flexion and abduction .
Nerve supply : Median nerve .
10) SUPINATOR
Origin : Humerus ( lateral epicondyle ).
Insertion : one – third of radial neck and shaft .
Action : forearm Supination
Nerve supply :from Radial nerve ( deep branch ).
11) PALMARIS LONGUS
Origin : Medial epicondyle ( humerus ).
Insertion : Flexor retinaculum
Action : wrist flexion
Nerve supply : Median nerve.
12) FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS
Origin :
from Humerus ( medial epicondyle )
Ulna ( coronoid process )
Insertion : Middle phalanx ( second and third digit ).
Action : Flexion of middle phalanx of fingers.
Nerve supply : median nerve .
13) FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
Origin :from Humerus ( medial epicondyle ), Ulna ( olecranon process ).
Insertion : Fifth metacarpal base.
Action : wrist flexion and Adduction.
Nerve supply : ulnar nerve.
14) FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS
Origin :
– Shaft of ulna
– Posterior border of ulna
– olecranon and cornoid process of ulna.
Insertion :at Palmar surface of the base of distal phalanx.
Action : Flexion of fingers / wrist and it is a chief gripping muscle.
Nerve supply : Ulnar nerve ( medial half ), Anterior interosseous nerve ( Lateral half ).
15) FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS
Origin : Shaft of radius ( anterior surface )
Insertion :at Distal phalanx of thumb ( palmar surface ).
Action :Thumb flexion at distal phalanx.
Nerve supply : from Anterior interosseous nerve ( branch of median nerve ).
16) PRONATOR QUADRATUS
Origin : Shaft of ulna ( anterior surface ).
Insertion : Radius anterior border .
Action : Forearm pronation.
Nerve supply : from Anterior interosseous nerve ( branch of median nerve ).
17) ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS
Origin : Scaphoid, trapezium and flexor retinaculum.
Insertion :at Base of thumb ( proximal phalanx.
Action : Thumb abduction .
Nerve supply : Median nerve.
18) FLEXOR POLLICIS BREVIS
Origin : Trapezoid, capitate bone and flexor retinaculum.
Insertion : at Base of thumb ( proximal phalanx ).
Action : Thumb flexion at MCP joint.
Nerve supply : median nerve.
19) OPPONENS POLLICIS
Origin : Flexor retinaculum
Insertion : at Shaft of metacarpal bone of thumb .
Action : Opposes thumb towards fingers.
Nerve supply : median nerve.
20) ADDUCTOR POLLICIS
Origin :
– Metacarpal base ( second to third )
– Shaft of third metacarpal.
Insertion : at Base of thumb ( proximal phalanx ).
Action : Thumb adduction.
Nerve supply : from Ulnar nerve ( deep branch )
21) PALMARIS BREVIS
Origin : Flexor retinaculum
Insertion : skin of palm ( medial side ).
Action : improves grip of palm
Nerve supply : ulnar nerve .
22) ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI
Origin : Pisiform bone.
Insertion : Base of little finger ( proximal phalanx ).
Action : Little finger abduction.
Nerve supply : ulnar nerve.
23) FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI
Origin : Flexor retinaculum
Insertion : Base of little finger ( proximal phalanx ).
Action : Little finger flexion .
Nerve supply : ulnar nerve .
24) OPPONENS DIGITI MINIMI
Origin : Flexor retinaculum.
Insertion : Fifth metacarpal ( medial border ).
Action : Palm cupping .
Nerve supply : ulnar nerve.
25) LUMBRICALS (4)
Origin :
1 st – Lateral side of tendon of second digit ( Flexor digitorum profundus tendon).
2 nd – Lateral side of tendon of third digit.
3 rd – adjacent side of tendon of third and fourth digit.
4 th – Adjacent side of tendon of fourth and fifth digit .
Insertion : Dorsum of base of distal phalanx.
Action : Flexion of MCP joint and IP joint extension ( second and fifth digits ).
Nerve supply : Median nerve ( first and second ), ulnar serve (third and fourth ).
26) DORSAL INTEROSSEI
Origin :
1 st – Adjacent side of first and second metacarpal
2 nd – adjacent side of second and third metacarpal.
3 rd – adjacent side of third and fourth metacarpal.
4 th – adjacent side of fourth and fifth metacarpal.
Insertion : Base of distal phalanges ( 2nd , 3 rd, 4 th digits )
Action : Finger abduction.
Nerve supply : Ulnar nerve ( deep branch).
27) PALMAR INTEROSSEI :
Origin :
1st – Base of first metacarpal (medial side )
2 nd – Shaft of second metacarpal ( medial side )
3 rd – Shaft of fourth metacarpal ( lateral side )
4 th – Shaft of fifth metacarpal ( lateral side ).
Insertion :at Base of proximal phalanx of thumb ( medial side ).
Action : Abduction of finger ( towards center of 3 rd digit ).
Nerve supply : ulnar nerve (deep branch ).
28) EXTENSOR INDICIS
Origin : Shaft of ulna
Insertion : Extensor expansion of index finger .
Action :mainly Extesion of index finger ( at MCP joint ).
Nerve supply : Radial nerve ( deep branch ).
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