THYROID GLAND ANATOMY OF TYHROID GLAND – Thyroid gland is an endocrine gland present in lower part of front and sides of neck. – It regulates basal metabolic rate and has a important role in the calcium metabolism. – It is roughly H shaped and It has 2 lobes and a isthmus. …
PTOSIS (DROOPY EYELID) DEFINITION – Drooping or falling of upper or lower eyelid is called as Ptosis or droopy eyelid. * Classification 1) Congenital 2) Acquired : ✓ Neurogenic ✓ Myogenic ✓ Aponeurotic ✓ Mechanical ✓ Neurotoxic.. (1) Congenital ptosis – It is assoSiated with the congenital weakness of levator palpebrae superiors a) Simple …
RETINITIS- THE EYE DISEASE DEFINITION RETINITIS- THE EYE DISEASE – Retinitis is also known as Retinitis pigmentosa . – These are group of inherited diseases – It damages the light sensitive rods and cones in the retina. – Rods : provide side and night vision , are affected more than cones – Cones : …
CHOLECYSTECTOMY Definition – Removal of gallbladder is called as Cholecystectomy. – Cholecystectomy means making an opening in gallbladder for removing gallstones at the neck of gall bladder and for draining the obstructed gall bladder. * Indications 1) Gall stones ( cholelithiasis ) 2) Acute and chronic cholecystitis 3) Carcinoma of gall bladder 4) …
OXYGEN THERAPY Definition – Oxygen therapy is the use of oxygen as a medical treatment. • Indications – SaO2 level below 90% – Before and after suctioning – Heart surgery – during exercise – Terminally ill patients – Breathlessness on exercise. • Complications – Hypercapnia – Oxygen toxicity – Blindness – Atelectasis – Discomfort and …
HAND DEFORMITIES (A) Syndactyly – Webbing of two or more finger. – An abnormal connection of 2 fingers. – Most commonly occurs between middle and ring finger. – Webbing can involve entire fingers or just involve part of finger. – It can involve skin or bone. • Classification 1) Incomplete – Webbing doesn’t extend all …
SURGERY IN LEPROSY. DEFINITION Leprosy is a Chronic granulomatus inflammatory disease caused due to infection by mycobacterium leprae . – There are 3 types √ Tuberculoid √ Borderlined √ Lepromatous • Deformities in Leprosy 1) Primary : * Hand : ✓ Total claw hand ✓ Banana fingers ( swelling on …
PROLAPSED UTERUS DEFINITION – Prolapsed uterus is defined as herniation or descent of uterus through vaginal wall • Etiology – Congenital weakness of pelvic floor muscles – Multiple child birth – Withdrawal child birth – Improper care during and after surgical procedure – Increased intra – abdominal pressure – After …
STRESS INCONTINENCE DEFINITION – Stress incontinence is defined as involuntary urine loss due to stress/ strain such as increase in intra- abdominal pressure on coughing, sneezing and lifting. • Etiology √ Trauma √ Post – operative muscle weakness √ Post – menopausal women √ Pregnancy √ Obesity √ Hormonal changes • …
PHERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE. DEFINITION – PHERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE (PVD) is the group of disorder affecting artery , veins , capillaries, and lymphatic system. – Thus affecting the cellular organs , body nutrients , metabolism and health. • Disease of Arteries – Acute arterial occlusion – Chronic arterial insufficiency √ Atherosclerosis √ Arteriosclerosis √ …
