INTRODUCTION
1) SARTORIUS
Origin :FROM Iliac spine ( anterior surface ).
Insertion : ON Tibial upper medial surface.
Action : MAINLY Thigh flexion, extension and lateral rotation .
Nerve supply : Femoral nerve .
2) RECTUS FEMORIS
Origin : FROM Anterior inferior iliac spine.
Insertion : ON Tibial tuberosity by patellar tendon.
Action : MAINLY knee extension and hip flexion.
Nerve supply : Femoral nerve
3) VASTUS LATERALIS
Origin : from Shaft of femur ( upper end )
Insertion : ON Tibial tuberosity by patellar tendon .
Action :MAINLY Extension of leg.
Nerve supply : Femoral nerve .
4) VASTUS MEDIALIS
Origin :FROM Upper end of shaft of femur .
Insertion :ON Tibial tuberosity by patellar tendon.
Action :MAINLY Extension of knee.
Nerve supply : Femoral nerve.
5) VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
Origin : from Femoral shaft
Insertion : ON Tibial tuberosity by patellar tendon .
Action : MAINLY Knee joint extension.
Nerve supply : Femoral nerve.
6) ARTICULARIS GENU
Origin : FROM Femur ( anterior surface )
Insertion : ON Synovial membrane of knee joint .
Action : MAILY Pulls synovial membrane upwards during knee extension .
Nerve supply : Femoral nerve.
7) ADDUCTOR LONGUS
Origin : FROM Body of pubis .
Insertion : ON Shaft of femur ( posterior surface ).
Action : MAILY Adducts thigh.
Nerve supply : Obturator nerve.
8) ADDUCTOR BREVIS
Origin : FROM Inferior ramus of pubis .
Insertion : ON Shaft of femur ( posterior surface ).
Action : MAINLY Adduction of thigh.
Nerve supply : Obturator nerve.
9) ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
Origin :FROM Inferior ramus of pubis .
Insertion : ON Shaft of femur ( Posterior surface).
Action : MAILY Adduction if thigh , Extension of hip, flexion of knee.
Nerve supply : Obturator nerve.
10) GRACILIS
Origin : FROM Inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium.
Insertion : ON Upper part of shaft of tibia on medial surface.
Action : MAINLY Adduction of thigh and flexion of thigh.
Nerve supply : Obturator nerve.
11) PECTINEUS
Origin : FROM superior ramus of pubis.
Insertion : ON Shaft of femur ( upper end ).
Action : MAINLY Flexion and Adduction of thigh.
Nerve supply : Femoral nerve for anterior fiber and obturator nerve for posterior fiber.
12) GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
Origin : FROM Outer surface of ileum.
Insertion : ON Ileotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur.
Action : MAINLY Extension and lateral rotation of thigh , Knee extension.
Nerve supply : Inferior gluteal nerve.
13) GLUTEUS MEDIUS
Origin : FROM Outer surface of ilium .
Insertion : ON Greater tuberosity of femur.
Action : MAINLY Abduction of thigh
Nerve supply : Superior gluteal nerve.
14) GLUTEUS MINIMUS
Origin : FROM Outer surface of ilium.
Insertion : ON Greater tuberosity of femur.
Action : MAINLY Abduction of thigh.
Nerve supply : Superior gluteal nerve.
15) PIRIFORMIS
Origin : FROM Anterior surface of sacrum.
Insertion : ON Greater trochanteric fossa.
Action : MAINLY Lateral rotation of thigh.
Nerve supply : First and second sacral nerve.
16) SUPERIOR GAMELLUS
Origin : FROM Spine of ischium .
Insertion : ON Greater trochanteric fossa.
Action : MAINLY Lateral rotation of thigh.
Nerve supply : Sacral plexus.
17) INFERIOR GAMELLUS
Origin : FROM Ischial tuberosity .
Insertion : ON Greater trochanteric fossa.
Action : MAINLY Thigh lateral rotation.
Nerve supply : Sacral plexus.
18) OBTURATOR INTERNUS
Origin : FROM Inner surface of obturator membrane.
Insertion : ON Greater trochanteric fossa.
Action : MAINLY Thigh lateral rotation.
Nerve supply : Sacral plexus.
19) OBTURATOR EXTERNUS
Origin : FROM Outer surface of obturator membrane.
Insertion : ON Greater trochanteric fossa of femur.
Action : MAINLY lateral rotation of Thigh.
Nerve supply : Obturator nerve.
20) TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE
Origin : FROM Iliotibial crest.
Insertion : ON Iliotibial tract.
Action : MAINLY Abduction and medial rotation of thigh and knee extension.
Nerve supply : Superior gluteal nerve.
21) SEMITENDINOSUS
Origin : FROM Ischial tuberosity .
Insertion : ON upper part of medial surface of shaft of tibia.
Action : MAINLY Flexion and medial rotation of leg.
Nerve supply : Tibial nerve.
22) SEMIMEMBRANOSUS
Origin : FROM Ischial tuberosity.
Insertion : ON Medial epicondyle of tibia.
Action : MAINLY Flexion and medial rotation of leg.
Nerve supply : Tibial nerve.
23) BICEPS FEMORIS
Origin :
Long head – From Ischial tuberosity
Short head – From shaft of femur.
Insertion : ON Head of fibula.
Action : MAINLY Flexion and lateral rotation of leg.
Nerve supply : Tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve.
24) ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
Origin : FROM Inferior ramus of pubis.
Insertion : ON Posterior surface femoral shaft.
Action : MAINLY Thigh Adduction, hip Extension, knee flexion.
Nerve supply : Obturator nerve.
25)TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
Origin : FROM Shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane.
Insertion : ON Medial 1 st metacarpal .
Action : MAINLY foot extension.
Nerve supply : Deep peroneal nerve.
26) EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
Origin : FROM tibial shaft and interosseous membrane.
Insertion : ON Base of distal phalanx of toe.
Action : MAINLY Big toe Extension.
Nerve supply : Deep peroneal nerve.
27) EXTENSOR DIGITORUM
Origin : FROM Shaft of fibula to interosseous membrane.
Insertion : ON Extensor expansion of lateral 4 toes.
Action : MAINLY Toe Extension.
Nerve supply : Deep peroneal nerve.
28) PERONEUS TERTIUS
Origin : FROM Shaft of fibula and interosseous membrane.
Insertion : ON Base of fifth metatarsal .
Action : MAINLY Foot dorsiflexion .
Nerve supply : Deep peroneal nerve.
29) PERONEUS LONGUS
Origin : FROM Shaft of fibula
Insertion : ON Base of first metatarsal of medial cuneiform.
Action : MAINLY Foot plantar flexion.
Nerve supply : Superficial peroneal nerve.
30) PERONEUS BREVIS
Origin : FROM Fibular shaft
Insertion : AT Base of fifth metatarsal bone.
Action : MAINLY Plantar flexion of foot.
Nerve supply : Superficial peroneal nerve.
31) GASTROCNEMIUS
Origin : FROM Medial and lateral condyle of femur.
Insertion : ON Achilles tendon to calcaneum.
Action : MAINLY Foot plantar flexion.
Nerve supply : Tibial nerve.
32 ) SOLEUS
Origin : FROM Shaft of tibia and fibula
Insertion : ON Achilles tendon into calcaneum .
Action : MAINLY Plantar flexion.
Nerve supply : Tibial nerve.
33) PLANTARIS
Origin : FROM Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur.
Insertion : ON Calcaneum
Action : MAINLY Foot plantar flexion.
Nerve supply : Tibial nerve.
34) POPLITEUS
Origin : FROM Lateral condyle of femur.
Insertion : ON Tibial shaft.
Action : MAINLY Flexion of leg.
Nerve supply : Tibial nerve.
35) FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
Origin : FROM Tibial shaft
Insertion : ON Distal phalanx of lateral four toes.
Action : MAINLY Flexion of distal phalanges ( lateral four toes ).
Nerve supply : Tibial nerve.
36) FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
Origin : FROM Shaft of fibula
Insertion : ON Base of distal phalanx ( Big toe ).
Action : MAINLY Flexion of distal phalanges ( Big toe )
Nerve supply : tibial nerve.
37) TIBIALIS POSTERIOR
Origin : FROM tibial shaft and fibula , interosseous membrane .
Insertion : ON navicular bone tuberosity.
Action : MAINLY Plantar flexion.
Nerve supply : Tibial nerve.
38) FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS
Origin : FROM calcaneum ( medial tubercle).
Insertion : ON Middle phalanx of four lateral toes .
Action : MAINLY lateral four toes Flexion.
Nerve supply : Medial plantar nerve.
39) ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS
Origin : from Medial tubercle of Calcaneum , flexor retinaculum .
Insertion : ON Base of proximal phalanx (big toe )
Action : MAINLY Flexion and abduction of big toe.
Nerve supply : Medial plantar nerve.
40) ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI
Origin : FROM Calcaneum ( medial and lateral tubercle ).
Insertion : ON Base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe ( lateral side ).
Action : MAINLY Fifth toe flexion and abduction.
Nerve supply : Lateral plantar nerve.
41) LUMBRICALS
Origin : FROM Flexor digitorum longus tendon.
Insertion : ON Dorsal lateral expansion of lateral four toes.
Action : MAINLY Extension of toes at IP joint.
Nerve supply : Medial plantar nerve ( first muscle ), Lateral plantar nerve ( remaining muscles ).
42) FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS
Origin : FROM Cuboid , lateral cuneiform bone.
Insertion : ON Base of proximal phalanx of big toe ( medial and lateral side ).
Action : MAINLY Flexion of metatarsophalangeal joint ( Big toe ).
Nerve supply : Medial plantar nerve.
43) ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS ( Oblique head )
Origin : FROM Base of second , third and fourth Metatarsal bone.
Insertion : ON Base of proximal big toe ( lateral side ).
Action : MAINLY Big toe flexion and supports transverse arch.
Nerve supply : lateral plantar nerve ( deep branch ).
44) ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS ( transverse head )
Origin : FROM Plantar ligament
Insertion : ON Base of proximal phalanx of big toe ( lateral side )
Action : MAINLY Big toe flexion
Nerve supply : Lateral plantar nerve ( deep branch ).
45 ) FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI
Origin : FROM Fifth metatarsal base.
Insertion : ON Base of proximal phalanx of big toe ( lateral side ).
Action : MAINLY Little toe Flexion.
Nerve supply : Lateral plantar nerve ( Superior branch ).
46) PLANTAR INTEROSSEI
Origin : FROM Metatarsal bone ( 3 rd, 4 th , 5 th )
Insertion : ON Phalanges base and dorsal expansion of corresponding toe.
Action : MAINLY Adduction of toes.
Nerve supply : Lateral plantar nerve.
47) DORSAL INTEROSSEI
Origin : FROM Adjacent side of metatarsal bone.
Insertion : ON Phalageal base and dorsal expansion of corresponding toes.
Action : MAINLY Abducts toe with second toe.
Nerve supply : Lateral plantar nerve.
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